17 April 2013

Adam’s Peak, or known in Sinhalese as Sri Pada (butterfly mountain) or in Tamil as Sivanolipatha Malai is 2,243m high and situated slightly off center in the south-west of Sri Lanka.  It is a holy site for many religions; for the Buddhist, it contains the sacred footprint of the Buddha, for the Hindus it is that of Lord Shiva and for the Muslims and Christians, it is that of Adam or that of St. Thomas.

We got up at 12:30am and left soon after a wash-up.  We packed water, some snacks and a jacket as we were told it would get cold up there.  All through the night, pilgrims have been making the climb.  Thus even at 12:30am, the path to Adam’s Peak had plenty of people.  It is just after the Buddhist/Hindu New Year and the Buddhists make this pilgrimage annually.  We will soon discover that it is not the best time for us to venture to this peak.

The initial part is a gentle climb.  Steps were well spaced with flat and wide paths in between.  There were shops selling food and drinks on either side of the path initially.  The shops were brightly lit.  The path to Adam’s Peak is also lit with street lamps.  Standing below, you could see the path snaking it’s way to the peak.

Charles had been following a few paces behind me.  I have checking to see if he is alright.  At about 2 am, he wanted a break to have a rest.  He told me to go on ahead as he might just walk a bit further up and turn back to return to the hotel.  I told him that I will meet him back at the hotel and proceeded, leaving Charles seated on some benches.

I picked up the pace in the hope of reaching the summit before sunrise.  The initial part of the climb did not have many people and I was very optimistic about reaching the top before sunrise.  All that optimism came to an abrupt end about 400-500 m from the top.  The path up had been getting narrower and narrower.  Suddenly, the density of people was increasing.  There were old men, old women, mothers carrying their babies in their arms and fathers carrying toddlers on their shoulders.  They were all here.  I was wearing my walking shoes for good support.  The pilgrims around me were bare footed or wearing thongs!

Near the top and before sunrise, it was cold.  Whereas previously I was walking a brisk pace and therefore my body heat was keeping me warm, when I came to a stop near the top in a human traffic jam, I started getting cold.  I had to put on my jacket.

I witnessed sunrise at about 400 m from the peak.  It was quite spectacular.  We we were above the clouds.

Everybody on the path stopped to witness the sunrise.  It is almost like a ritual.

I could see mountain peaks breaking above the clouds.  Everything here looks peaceful and serene.  For a moment I forgot that I was in a human traffic jam.

Near the top, the steps up is divided into two; you keep right, going up or coming down.  The middle is divided by handrails.  There are handrails along the side too.  This is assuring.  Some have decided to jump the queue by using the sometimes empty path for those coming down to go up.  I don’t blame them.  It had been a long wait.

When I got to the top, I soon realised why I was stuck in a 4-hour human traffic jam.  The guard at the entrance to the top gestured me to remove my shoes.  I moved to the side and removed my shoes and put it into my backpack.  I pulled out my sarong to wear it and come up to acceptable dress code.

The top of Adam’s Peak is about the size of a basketball court or slightly bigger.  The building in the middle housed the Buddhist and Hindu temples.  There were pilgrims queuing up to get into the temples and make offerings of various sorts; usually flowers.  No photography is allowed here.  On the far side, there were people seated on the ground and having morning breakfast.  This made the area at the top congested and rather hard to navigate.  I was keen the get out of here. On the way down, I can see all humanity still snaking it’s way up the slope.  Going down was just as congested now as coming up.  I went down quite a bit to find a clearing to put on my shoes.  I then called the guide on the mobile to say that I am on my way down.  This was now about 9 am.

 Since the sun is up , you can now really appreciate the surrounds and it’s beauty.  I found the climb down a bit tricky.  The steps are of uneven height and irregular from half way up or so.  Hence you tend to have your head down mapping out the path you would take coming down, allowing for irregular steps.  Every now and then I paused to take in the scenery.  The legs were tired too.

 Near the end of my climb down, I looked back at Adam’s Peak, glowing in the sunlight.  It is quite impressive.

The natives along the way didn’t seem too preturbed by the crowds.  The sheer rock faces along the way are quite impressive.

Near the bottom, I noticed a Buddhist temple which I had not seen on the way up as it was dark.

I also went past several tea plantations on the way down.  The women were busy plucking tea leaves and placing them in baskets on their back with is suspended by a piece of cloth around the top of their head.  Not sure if this is comfortable by this techniques has been used for many years.

I reached the hotel just before 10:30 am, to be greeted at the door by our guide Jagath (our guide/driver) and a hotel staffer.  I wanted to get into the restaurant to have a cool drink.  Jagath asked me about where Charles was.  This surprised me a bit but I said he must be in his room.  Jagath then informed me that he had not had his breakfast yet.  Now I got worried.  I immediately went up to the room to knock on the door.  I got no answer.  At this stage I assumed that he had come back, unloaded his things and gone for a walkabout town.  Just to confirm this, I went back and asked the desk for a spare key.  Jagath, a hotel staffer and myself went back to the room with a box of keys.  We tried all the keys but none will work.

I chanced upon a slightly open window in front and pulled it slightly open.  It was tied on the inside by a cord.  We managed to pull as much as possible to stretch the cord, untie it and open the window.  We entered the room to discover that Charles had not returned.  It is now more than 10 hours since we had set out.  Charles came on this trip without a mobile phone and therefore there was no way of contacting him.  On my part, panic set in.  I decided we need to make a police report.

I got rid of my shoes as it was getting hot and wore my thongs, grabbed Charles’ and my passports and headed downstairs to meet Jagath.  As we started walking through town,  Jagath told me that the police can be slow and before we go there we should backtrack to see if Charles was waiting for me somewhere.  At this stage my legs were aching but I had to make this trip back.  I could not face telling Sonya that her husband is missing!

Jagath and I walked back to the spot were I thought I left Charles.  It was dark when I left him.  We walked further and Jagath, noticing I was tired, made me wait for him at a spot where I could clearly see all the people coming down from Adam’s Peak.  Jagath went on ahead with Charles’ passport to see if he could track him down.  Jagath showed the passport to one of the guides on the track and was told that he had walked further up.  Jagath conveyed the message to me.  This is positive.

Mentally I was preparing myself while I was waiting.  We were due to fly out of Colombo that night for Singapore.  I mapped out what I needed to do if Charles was not found i.e. change flights, extend stay in hotel, phone calls, etc.

About an hour later, to my immense relieve, I spotted Charles.  I drew his attention and made him sit beside me.  I called Jagath to tell him that I had Charles.  Jagath said he was almost half way up and now started to make his way back.

Charles then informed me that he made it all the way to the top.  He went half way and then felt compelled to keep going after seeing the various pilgrims making their way up.  Jagath joined us about 30 mins later and we all made our way back to the hotel.  Charles soon realised the turmoil he had caused.

We had planned to leave Nallataniya for Colombo at 11:30 am.  We left at 3 pm.

Along the way, we witnessed a few waterfalls pouring into the river below.

This one is called Aberdeen falls (nice local name!).

Charles was going to buy dinner for all of us that night to placate us before going to the airport.  Unbeknownst to us, Jagath had planned with his wife to have dinner at his place.  This was really nice of him.  His home town Vidduka was on the way to Colombo, about 34 kms from Colombo.  We had a fantastic home cooked meal and met his wife and 10 year old daughter.  The family was warm and welcoming.

I was hoping to hit Colombo early to go to a shop called Barefoot, which had bright coloured textiles, including cushion covers and a great bookshop.  Unfortunately, we did not make it in time.  We went to another shop called Laksala where we bought various souvenirs.  This shop was open until 9 pm.  Then we headed to the airport for our trip out of Sri Lanka.

 

 

16 April 2013

Sigiriya is a rock fortress and city located in the Matale District and is right in the middle of the cultural triangle formed by Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Kandy (the last kingdom).  It stands 200m high and the whole complex was built in seven years by King Kasyapa (477 – 495 AD).  After the death of Kasyapa, it was a monastery complex up to the 14th century.  After this, it was abandoned until the discovery of the ruins in 1907 by British Explorer, John Still.

We got up early to get to the Sigiriya rock. We arrived at the site at 6:30am. The gates opened at 7am. We looked around the area and viewed the beauty of the rock in the morning sun. The rock had about 1055 steps to the top. It was declared a world heritage site in 1982. UNESCO had been sponsoring some restoration work.

Inscriptions in the caves suggest that the rock was used as a religious place from the 3rd century BC. As you are proceeding towards the rock itself, you will observe structures built on either side of the walkway in a symmetrical fashion. The summer palace of the king was at ground level and the winter palace was on top of the rock.

After we pass the outer and inner moat (the latter used to have a drawbridge at the entry) we are welcomed into the water garden. The pond on one side has been restored but the pond on the left side is still underground, awaiting restoration. This then leads through the fountain garden, which contained narrow rectangular ponds (see above).  There are four fountains, two on either side.  The limestone slab (see below), has large holes in the limestone slab.

The whole system of water features is driven by water sourced from the top of the rock and passed down to the ground level by a system of channels. The fountain itself is run by only water pressure within these channels. During the rainy season, our guide tells us that there is enough water pressure within these channels to make these fountains function, even today! This system truly displays the engineering brilliance of the ancient Sri Lankans

After the fountain garden, the path takes us past the summer palace. Nothing stands today except for the foundation stones around the perimeter. The ancient buildings for the summer palace would have been made of wood.

Then we proceeded up a few steps and through the first of two boulder archway that is formed by two rocks resting on each other.

The steps that lead up to the top are made of marble. The idea behind this is that at night the marble will glow under the moonlight and thus provides natural illumination.

Just on one side of the rock archway is a very faint outline of a fresco that had been almost erased by the weather.

There were more steps that lead us to the rock face. On the right hand side just before the rock face is the Audience Hall.

The picture below shows the ascent from the Audience Hall level.

At the rock face, a series of metal staircases that are attached to the rock lead us up to the ancient walkways along the rock face. The original ancient system of staircases here have collapsed over time.

The walkway along the face of the rock lead us to spiral metal staircase which we climbed to enter a cave that had well preserved frescoes. No flash photography was allowed here to preserve these surviving ancient frescoes.An Apsara or a Sigiriya damsel with her associate (above).

An Apsara and her associate to the left (above).  A second Apsara is below.

The artist in those days sometimes made mistakes. The woman on the right has only four fingers in one hand. The women painted on these walls are of various descent. Some are Indian, some are African and some are Arab. It showed that Sri Lanka was visited by people from various lands. The frescoes were painted by a mixture of sand, beeswax, honey, natural plant dye to name a few constituents that I could remember.

Then we proceeded to along a walkway that gave us a good view of the summer place area below.

The walkway on one side had a wall. In ancient times it was known as Kedapath Pavura or the Sigiriya Mirror Wall. This is because the wall was made of brick masonry and has a polished plaster finish. The wall reflected the frescoes painted on the rock face. Thus anybody walking along this walkway had images on either side to view.  There are some ancient graffiti written on this wall.

Going further along the walkway, we went up a set of restored stairs to the next level. To the left of us was what was once the guard house where soldiers overlooked the area below for approaching enemies.

At the far end of the guard house, there is a huge boulder resting on some short rock columns. The boulder is a rock missile that is used to launch towards approaching enemy soldiers. Obviously it is a use once system with no reload mechanism!

Further along a walkway and up some more stairs, we come to a flat area with an entrance way that opens between two lion’s paws that have been carved out of rock. It originally is thought to have had a lion’s head with the lion’s mouth (a recumbent pose) being the entrance way to the next level. This structure is believed to have collapsed over time.

Through the lion’s paws and up a set of steel steps built into the rock, we were nearing the top.  The view on the way up here is quite spectacular.  We could see the route we had taken below.

Coming up to this stage, Charles was getting tired and his legs were seizing up.  We had frequent breaks and fortunately, Charles brought his personal masseur on this trip.

We climbed further on a combination of original marble stairs and steel staircases which lead us to a flat pathway.

A few short steps later, we were at the top.

The two limestone slabs represent the highest point on Sigiriya Rock.  In ancient times, this flat area had the two level winter palace.  The limestone slabs mark the spot where the stairs led to the 2nd level of the winter palace.

We conquered Sigiriya Rock!  Looking at the top of this rock platform from various angles truly brought out the serenity of this place.

The way back down was just as interesting as the way up. There was an ancient pond made out of brick at the top (below).  I guess that rainwater was collected here and water channels fed water to the levels below including the fountains.

While on the way down but still at the top area, we came a across a flat terrace with a huge flat limestone slab in one corner (below).  The king sat here while watching about 500 damsels dance and entertain him on the terrace in front.  The square holes in the ground would have contained wooden posts that supported a canopy that provided shade for the king.

The performance area is reasonably large and would have been decorated in full colour.

Going further on the way down, we come across the Audience Hall which we passed on the way up.  This is where the king received his subjects.  The surface is a flattened out rock with a stone seat that has been carved out of a rock boulder.  This place again had holes in the rock that had wooden posts to support some sort of canopy.

To the side other side of the Audience Hall, in the rock face itself, is a cave with a drip ledge that was used by Buddhist monks for meditation in ancient times.  It was carved out of rock.  During the king’s rein, he took respite here from sessions he had at the Audience Hall.  The cave provided a natural shelter.  There is a stone seat for the king in this cave.  The layers of painting and a few graffiti in this cave dates back to 8 – 9 century AD.

We proceed past this cave and through the 2nd boulder archway.

The path then leads us past the Cobra Head Cave, known because the natural shape resembles a cobra head.  The cave had been used by Buddhist monks between the 3rd and 1st century BC.

We made our way back to our car and back to the hotel.  We cleaned up, packed our bags to make a short trip to Dambulla.

Dambulla has 5 cave temples that had been cut out of an enormous granite outcrop that rises to about 160m.  The path to the temple is quite scenic.  The cave temples date back to about 100 BC.

It was a hot day.  The monkeys along the path to the caves were having (a well earned) afternoon snooze.

We reached the temple entrance after about a 30 min walk.  I donned my sarong (shorts above knee high not acceptable dress code).  To the right of us was the first cave.  Next door to it is a small chapel dedicated to Kataragama (Hindu Murugan).

We went through all the caves.  These are places of worship and I made it a point not to use flash photography.

The entrance ways to the caves look like they were built in the 1920s or so.

There is a bell tower near the entrance.

After Dambulla, we had a longer trip of about 4 hours to Nallataniya (aka Delhousie).  This is the gateway town to Adam’s Peak, which we were going to attempt during the night.  On the way to Nallataniya, we passed by Matale, the childhood town of Vijaya who was with us in Jaffna.  I promised to take some photos of the town for her.

Nallataniya town was packed.  There were thousands of people around and the shops were brightly lit.  These people were mostly pilgrims, who were about to do their New Year’s pilgrimage up to the peak, which has a Buddhist and Hindu temple.

We checked ourselves into the Punsisi Rest House.  Although the room was smallish, it was comfortable.  The staff were polite, friendly and helpful.  We had a quick dinner at the restaurant here before turning in for a short sleep.  One of the staff members recommended that we start our climb at 12:30 am instead of our original intention of 1:30 am.  He advised that since there were a lot of people going to climb to the peak, it is best to start earlier.  Charles was feeling a bit weary from today.  He had earlier said that he might not attempt Adam’s Peak, with it’s over 5000 steps to the peak.  But in the evening he decided to go part of the way.  With that, we turned in for a good, short rest of about 4 hours!

15 April 2013

Charles and I are leaving Jaffna today. Our driver comes to pick us up at about 12:30pm. We are packed and ready to go. We will be parting company with the rest of the team today. My cousins Lakshmi and Vijaya will be returning to Colombo at about 3pm. After a day, Lakshmi is heading back to Malaysia and Vijaya to Canada. Our driver was early. He arrived at 11:30am. So we invited him to have some lunch with us. We left Jaffna at 1:15pm. We were heading for Anuradhapura.

The ancient city of Anuradhapura is more than 2000 years old. It was the epicentre of Sri Lankan civilisation until it came to an end in 993 AD when it was overtaken by Indian invaders. To explore the whole city, our driver informs us that it will take about 6 hours. We did not have the time so we only explored the important sites. Anuradhapura is divided into 3 sites, Abhayagiri, Jetavana and Mahavihara. We first visited the largest dagoba in Sri Lanka which is the Jetavana dagoba. It is an impressive structure. It was constructed around 274-301 AD.

The we went around to visit the tallest dagoba, Ruvanvalisaya which is in the Mahavihara area. This dagoba is also known as the great stupa.

The walls are adorned with sculptures of elephants and the whole structure is quite magnificent.

It is still a public holiday here after the New Year. There are plenty of people here who are attending the various monasteries for prayers for the New Year. We tried to visit the Sri Maha Bodhi (Sacred Bo Tree). It is rumoured to have been grown from a cutting of the original Bo Tree in Bodhgaya, India. Unfortunately we had our shorts on and we were considered improperly dressed. The path to this place had huge open grounds on either site. These grounds were full of monkeys who were very friendly and tame. They were simply adorable.

The last dagoba we visited was Thuparama. It is small compared to the other dagobas but it was the first dagoba ever built in Sri Lanka.

The ancient kings, including Mahasena (274-301) recognised the importance of water for irrigation as farming played a huge part. Within the old city of Anuradhapura, there are 3 large manmade lakes to collect rain water. Farm land is irrigated by channels connected to the lakes.

The lakes were constructed by first digging the soil out. This soil was used to build the various stupas and structures within the city. Elephants were used extensively for the construction. The lakes are huge and looks like some inland sea.

We hit the road again for Sigiriya. We checked into the Sigiriya Rest House which has been running since 1910 or earlier. It is comfortable and nothing flashy but all we needed was somewhere to sleep.

Tomorrow we climb the Sigiriya rock at 7am. That’s when the gates open. Our hotel faces the rock.

14 April 2013

Today is the Hindu and Buddhist New Year. We follow a different calendar system to the Gregorian or Western calendar. The Hindu calendar is a lunisolar calendar that has been used since ancient times. It has gone through several changes over time and regionalised. The Buddhist calendar is based on an ancient version of the Hindu calendar. Thus, in all Buddhist countries, this day marks a New Year.

We got up early for our traditional bath and headed for the temple at 8am. Today is going to be a long day. The New Year ceremony at the the temple is elaborate and long. Just to throw something else into the mix, is going to be a hot day. We arrived early at the temple. Troop elder Bala, suggested that we head down the road to see my grandaunt, Mrs Thevarajah. I was keen to meet her. She is my maternal grandfather’s (Ponniah’s) sister-in-law. She lives in a village called Karangali, which is where my maternal grandfather came from. They were farmers too. The bush telegraph (phones are rare in dwellings here although mobiles are popular) had already sent word that we were in town. My grandaunt was overjoyed to see us. It was like as if she was expecting us that day.

My grandaunt had done quite a bit of travelling in the past. She had come to Singapore and Malaysia previously and met all our relatives there including my parents. She reckons I look exactly like my father, which everybody says because we are tall and slim. Grandaunt can certainly rattle on. I don’t know if it is the excitement of seeing us or she is normally like that. We took a couple of photos for keepsake. As I have never seen my granduncle, I was shown a photo of him which I took a photograph of too. I hope it will turn out alright. Might need a bit of photoshopping. We then bid our farewells, hugged my grandaunt and left to return to the temple.

The temple ceremony today is going to be long one. In the end it went for some 8 hours straight. We managed to slip into a shop across the street for a quick meal. People were streaming in. Even the local ‘Mr Whippy’ and other street vendors had set up shop. It was almost like a carnival atmosphere. Roads in these parts are narrow, single lane, so buses and other vehicles tend to have a difficult time getting past. Still they go by with a minimum of fuss. Road rage is unheard of in Sri Lanka. I strongly believe that road rage is a by-product of an orderly society. If you break an accepted order on the road in Australia, you are more than like to wear a crowbar on your head for the rest of your journey.

Today’s ceremony revolves around Lord Ganesha, the main deity of this temple. After the priests had conducted the morning ceremony, the deity was hoisted on the shoulders of men and taken around the inside of the temple. This was a sight to be seen. It was not just a straight walk. The deity was rocked to and fro by about 20 men, in a fully synchronised fashion.

After a circuit inside the temple, the main deity was taken through the main door of the temple to the outside of the temple. The deity was going to have a ride on a ‘ratham’, which is like a chariot.

This entire process was long and slow. The day was hot but not as bad as a few days ago. I am sure if there was a bed in the temple chamber, Bala and Jeeva would have hopped on it for a nap in no time. It was already about 2pm at this stage and everybody was still going strong even though they had not had lunch (except for the weaklings like us who had a quick snack earlier).

The deity was lifted into the ratham for a ride around the temple. The ratham was pulled by rope by 2 teams of men lined up in front of it. The ratham was huge and very elaborate.

All through the whole process the deity was accompanied by traditional drummers and trumpeters. Today there was a full team of about 5 drummers and 5 trumpeters. It might seem like a cacophony of sounds but it was actually quite mesmerising.

After the proceedings, we headed to the home of Mr. Ganeson, who sponsored the day at the temple today. According to Bala, he is our oldest blood relation. I am still coming to terms with the various terminology they use. We had a meal at Mr. Ganeson’s place and a bit of rest. To the dismay of Bala and Jeeva, there wasn’t quite a bed in the living room. All of us being tired, we headed back to the hotel for shower and a good rest.